In Indonesia, researchers generally divide journals into two main categories: scientific journals and accounting journals, each serving distinct purposes. To distinguish between these two types, it is essential to understand their characteristics in detail.

By identifying the features of each type of journal, the process of understanding and applying them becomes easier. Moreover, the characteristics of a good journal can serve as a guideline when creating a new journal or selecting a particular journal as a reference.

Researchers can further divide scientific journals into several categories, namely national journals and international journals. Even journals that have not reached the national level can still be considered scientific if they meet certain criteria and characteristics.

1. Adheres to Standard Structure

Authors must follow a standardized structure in scientific journals to produce well-organized work. This structure begins with the title, followed by the abstract, introduction, materials, methods, results, discussion, conclusion, and ends with the references.

2. Objective in Nature

One of the primary traits that distinguishes a scientific journal from regular writing is its objective nature. The content of the journal is entirely based on field data without including the author’s personal opinions or suggestions.

3. Based on Scientific Foundations

Scientific journals are built upon existing theories or prior research findings. To meet this criterion, the journal’s author must have expertise in the scientific field that is the focus of the research.

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4. Uses Formal Language

Authors design journals to reach not only local academics or researchers but also national and international audiences. Therefore, they must use formal language to ensure the content is easily understood by all readers and can be translated into various languages.

5. Free from Emotional Bias

Although many writings adhere to scientific principles and use formal language, some still contain emotional elements. Emotional bias refers to the inclusion of feelings in the writing, which can obscure the objectivity of the content.

If a piece of writing meets four characteristics of a scientific journal but fails to meet the last one, it is most likely just an article.

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