Get to Know Different Styles of References Writing

Writing references and citations in scientific papers is the foundation of research as it provides validity to the scientific work. By including reference sources, the author has conducted in-depth research and respects the thoughts of others. The importance of references in research is also related to academic integrity. Citing sources appropriately avoids plagiarism and protects the originality of the scientific research. In addition, references provide support to the arguments or opinions presented therein.

References allow readers to obtain additional information and evaluate the validity of the written work. The existence of relevant and reliable references facilitates readers to verify the facts and data presented in the research paper. Previous experts and researchers have listed references correctly and attempted to maintain academic integrity.

The author cites references when working on coursework, scientific papers or theses by writing certain references according to existing guidelines. Therefore, the author must be aware of the styles of reference writing below:

1. American Psychological Association (APA)

APA reference writing is a style of reference that is widely used for research in various fields.

Example: Putri, R. M. (2022). Religious Existentialism of Victor Frankenstein’s Obsession in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. Srawung: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(1), 12-23.

2. American Medical Association (AMA)

The AMA reference writing style is a style of reference that is commonly used for research on health or medical topics.

Example: Asdie RH, Mulya DP, Nainggolan M. Assessment of 28-day survival of patients with sepsis based on vitamin D status: hospital-based prospective cohort study in Indonesia. Pan Afr Med J. 2023;45(76):1-10. doi:10.11604/pamj.2023.45.76.36336

3. IEEE

The IEEE writing style is a style of reference used for research on engineering topics.

Example: Rusli, D. Mashur, R. E. Yozani, D. K. Habibie, H. T. R. F. Simanjuntak, and T. Saputra, “The Governance of Downstream Oil Palm Development in the Technopolitan Area of Pelalawan Regency,” Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 233-240, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.32479/ijeep.12636

4. Turabian

Turabian is a style of reference used for research on legal topics.

Example: Widodo, Ismu Gunadi, J. Andy Hartanto, Eddy Pranjoto, and Jonaedi Efendi. “Constraints on Enforcement of Environmental Law Against Corporate Defendants.” Environmental Policy and Law 49, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 76-83

The above styles of reference writing provide clear directions on how to cite sources, page format, citation structure and more. In addition, writers easily produce well-structured and professional academic works.

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